Introduction and objective: Public knowledge of the disease is an important factor in both prevention and treatment. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge of stroke and cardiovascular risk factors in Polish society. Materials and methods: The study used the computer-assisted web interview (CAWI) method with an anonymous survey created using Google Forms. Results: The study involved a total of 222 participants. The average age of respondents was 33 years (SD = 12.94, age range from 18 to 79 years). The average number of correctly listed risk factors was 2.24 ± 2. The most frequently mentioned risk factors were hypertension (31.53%), smoking (22.97%), use of stimulants including alcohol (21.17%), high cholesterol (20.72%), obesity (20.72%), and heart disease (20.27%). The average number of listed symptoms of stroke was 2.43 ± 1.58. The most common were speech disorders (53.60%), limb weakness (49.55%), and drooping corner of the mouth (33.33%). In the event of a suspected stroke, most respondents would call an ambulance (91.89%). Statistically significantly higher knowledge was demonstrated by respondents with secondary or higher education, those living in the city, healthcare professionals, and individuals with a positive family history of stroke. However, neither age nor professional activity status, nor a personal history of stroke, had a statistically significant effect on the survey results. Conclusions: The knowledge of stroke among Polish people remains inadequate and requires ongoing improvement. It is important that educational programmes expanding knowledge about the prevention and early treatment of stroke target the widest possible group of recipients, with particular emphasis on rural residents and those with lower levels of education.